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Nasopalatine duct cyst
The nasopalatine duct cyst (abbreviated NPDC) occurs in the median of the palate, usually anterior to first molars. It often appears between the roots of the maxillary central incisors. Radiographically, it may often appear as a heart-shaped radiolucency. It is usually asymptomatic, but may sometimes produce an elevation in the anterior portion of the palate. It was first described by Meyer in 1914.〔Meyer, AW. A unique supernumerary paranasal sinus directly above the superior incisors. ''J Anat'' 1914;48:118-129.〕
The median palatal cyst has recently been identified as a possible posterior version of the nasopalatine duct cyst.
==Etiology and diagnosis==
Historically, the etiology of nasopalatine duct cysts has been somewhat of an enigma. Although it was originally postulated that the cyst formed from trapped epithelial cells during embryonic fusion of the palatal bones,〔Albayram, MS, et al. Radiology quiz case: Nasopalatine duct cyst. ''Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg'' 2001;127:1283-1285.〕 it is now thought that it forms from oronasal ducts present within the incisive canals.〔Gnanasekhar, JD, et al. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement of a nasopalatine duct cyst and its corrective therapy: A case report. ''Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod'' 1995;80:465-470.〕〔Swanson, KS, et al. Nasopalatine duct cyst: An analysis of 334 cases. ''J Oral Maxillofac Surg'' 1991;49:268-271.〕
As a cyst, the nasopalatine duct cyst requires histological analysis for a definitive diagnosis. Radiographically, the nasopalatine cyst appears as a well-demarcated round, ovoid, or heart-shaped structure presenting in the midline of the maxilla.〔Elliott, KA, et al. Diagnosis and surgical management of nasopalatine duct cysts. ''Laryngoscope'' 2004;114:1336-1340.〕
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